➀ A U.S. congressional report reveals China spent $38 billion on Western semiconductor tools in 2024, capturing 39% of global market share despite export controls;
➁ Restricted entities like SMIC and Huawei affiliates received 45% of sales, leveraging node-agnostic equipment gaps to produce 7nm chips for military/AI applications;
➂ Nine policy recommendations include expanding export bans, enhancing tracking, and supporting U.S. toolmakers to counter China’s $100B+ semiconductor self-sufficiency drive.