<p>➀ The EU-funded REEsilience project highlights that tapping into low-ESG-risk rare earth deposits (e.g., in Norway, Sweden, and Greenland) can reduce Europe’s reliance on Chinese imports and secure critical materials for green technologies; </p><p>➁ Analysis of 149 global rare earth deposits identifies regions with minimal environmental, social, and governance risks, emphasizing opportunities in Scandinavia and partnerships with Canada/Australia; </p><p>➂ A system dynamics model predicts supply chain disruptions but shows resilience strategies (recycling, extended product life) can stabilize prices and ensure long-term sustainability.</p>