<p>➀ A 1978 article by Mike Evans of National Semiconductor highlighted the critical role of efficient memory usage in microprocessor systems and the lack of universal controllers for MADRAMs (Multiplexed Address DRAMs) in multi-chip configurations;</p><p>➁ MADRAMs, like the MM5290, utilized separate row/column strobes for page-mode operation but required specialized controllers that limited timing and power-saving optimizations;</p><p>➂ The article proposed a general-purpose MADRAM controller to bridge 8/16-bit microprocessors with various memory setups, focusing on address multiplexing and selective RAS activation for enhanced efficiency.</p>