<p>➀ Fraunhofer IPMS has developed a TSN testbed enabling precise energy analysis and wireless Li-Fi data transmission, achieving breakthroughs for mobile industrial applications;</p><p>➁ The Li-Fi-based TSN solution reduces cabling costs and surpasses 5G in latency, supporting autonomous robots in factory automation;</p><p>➂ The modular testbed supports key TSN standards and provides industry-first benchmarks for energy efficiency in real-time networks.</p>