<p>➀ Fraunhofer IFAM developed dynamic impedance spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of battery status during operation, improving safety and lifespan;</p><p>➁ The method enables immediate detection of overheating in electric vehicle batteries and optimizes charging strategies, reducing wear;</p><p>➂ Applications extend to renewable energy storage and safety-critical sectors like aviation, supporting diverse battery technologies, including solid-state and sodium-ion.</p>