<p>➀ Japan’s five major power semiconductor companies (Mitsubishi Electric, Fuji Electric, Toshiba, Rohm, Denso) each hold less than 5% global market share, leading to collaboration challenges due to fragmented interests;</p><p>➁ Government-backed alliances (e.g., Toshiba-Rohm, Fuji-Denso) face limited success, with incompatible product lines and stalled expansion into R&D and procurement;</p><p>➂ China’s dominance in SiC wafer production and EV manufacturing (40% BEV, 50% PHEV global share) strengthens its power semiconductor capabilities, while Japan lags in automotive electrification.</p>