<p>➀ Researchers developed **PPBC LNPs**, multifunctional nanoparticles integrating photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and real-time imaging to combat treatment-resistant bladder cancer;</p><p>➁ The nanoparticles demonstrated strong anti-cancer effects by inducing cell death and suppressing autophagy (a resistance mechanism) while enabling high-resolution imaging via photoacoustic and fluorescence modalities;</p><p>➂ In vivo trials showed tumor reduction with no toxicity, and scalable microfluidic synthesis supports potential clinical translation for precision medicine.</p>