➀ The Commerce Department’s Section 232 investigation may alter the U.S. semiconductor procurement process.

➁ The 'chip-for-chip' proposal aims to link tariff exemptions to domestic production milestones.

<>➂ U.S. semiconductor industry faces challenges from offshoring and China’s increasing technological prowess.

➃ China's history of building fabs includes Motorola MOS 17 in Tianjin (2000), Texas Instruments in Chengdu (2010), Intel Fab 68 and 68A in Dalian (2010 and 2018), UMC in Xiamen (2016), TSMC Fab 16 in Nanjing (2018), and Samsung Xi'an NAND Fab (2020).