➀ MIT engineers developed a palladium membrane with a 'plug' design embedded in porous material, enhancing thermal stability up to 1,000 kelvins;

➁ The innovation enables hydrogen separation in high-temperature applications like steam methane reforming and ammonia cracking, improving efficiency for zero-carbon fuel production;

➂ While promising for compact hydrogen generation, further industrial-scale testing is needed to validate long-term performance under extreme conditions.