<p>➀ International research highlights lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) as next-gen energy storage with 10x higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries and ultra-fast charging potential (as low as 12 minutes); </p><p>➁ Technical challenges include sulfur insulation, cathode expansion, and lithium dendrite growth, addressed through optimized materials (3D carbon structures, catalytic additives) and AI-driven design; </p><p>➂ Multi-national collaboration demonstrates prototypes achieving 2 mAh/cm² at practical charging speeds, supported by EU and Asian research funds for future e-mobility applications.</p>