<p>➀ A DIY circuit using an LM358 op-amp and light-dependent resistor (LDR) automatically switches on lights at dusk and turns them off after 2–6 hours, reducing energy waste.</p><p>➁ The system employs a super capacitor for timing control, adjustable via potentiometers to set light sensitivity and shut-off duration, mimicking human presence for security.</p><p>➂ Includes PCB design guidelines, calibration steps, and operates independently without manual reset, ideal for unattended homes or outdoor lighting.</p>