<p>➀ ISRO and NASA will jointly launch the NISAR satellite on July 30, 2025, featuring dual-band radar (L-band from NASA and S-band from ISRO) for Earth observation;</p><p>➁ The satellite will monitor tectonic shifts, ice dynamics, vegetation changes, and coastal erosion with high-resolution imaging and a 240-km swath coverage;</p><p>➂ Operating in a sun-synchronous orbit 747 km above Earth, the mission will provide free global data for climate research, agriculture, and disaster management during its five-year operational phase.</p>