03/12/2025, 09:59 AM UTC
高效光控：元光学取代传统镜头Efficient Light Control: Metaoptics Replace Conventional Lenses
传统的镜头通过玻璃或塑料弯曲光线，通常体积庞大、重量重，并且对光波的控制有限。相比之下，由称为元原子的微小结构组成的元光学可以精确控制光线，包括其相位、振幅和偏振。这种精度使得单个元光学表面可以取代多个光学元件，在不影响性能的情况下减小光学系统的尺寸。
在2025年3月31日开始的汉诺威博览会上，卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院（KIT）的研究人员展示了一个光学组件，它能够在陡峭的入射角度下实现高度有效光线控制，克服了之前的限制。研究人员开发了一种元栅格，其效率是传统系统的四倍，在挑战性条件下实现了对光线的前所未有的控制。
元光学由于其平面结构，特别适合于相机、传感器和增强现实显示器，因为它们能够在减小光学系统尺寸的同时增强功能。潜在的应用包括材料分类、质量控制、医学成像、显微镜和太阳能电池。它们还可以为依赖 于物体识别的机器人和自动驾驶汽车带来显著的好处。
Conventional lenses, which bend light through glass or plastic, are often bulky, heavy, and offer limited control over light waves. In contrast, metaoptics, consisting of flat surfaces with tiny structures called metaatoms, allow for precise control of light, including its phase, amplitude, and polarization. This precision enables the replacement of multiple optical components with a single metaoptical surface, reducing the size of optical systems without compromising their performance.
At the Hannover Messe, researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) demonstrated an optical component that enables highly efficient light control at steep incident angles, overcoming previous limitations. The researchers developed a metagrating with four times the efficiency of conventional systems, allowing unprecedented control over light under challenging conditions.
Metaoptics are particularly suitable for cameras, sensors, and augmented-reality displays due to their ability to enhance functionality while reducing the size of optical systems. Potential applications include material sorting, quality control, medical imaging, microscopy, and solar cells. They could also significantly benefit robotics and autonomous driving, which rely on object recognition.
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