05/27/2025, 09:05 AM UTC
酷冷计算——为什么电子学的未来可能在于寒冷Cool Computing – Why the Future of Electronics Could Lie in the Cold
➀ 由赵青泰教授领导的国际研究团队提出，在低温下运行计算机芯片可节省高达80%的能源消耗，以应对数据中心和AI基础设施的高能耗问题；
➁ 低温计算利用晶体管在低温下的高效特性，但需克服材料缺陷和量子隧穿等挑战，需采用新型材料（如全环绕栅极纳米线、高介电常数材料）和结构来优化CMOS技术；
➂ 应用场景包括量子计算、太空探测和高性能数据中心，台积电（TSMC）正开发低温定制芯片，以提高能效并与量子处理器集成。
➀ An international research team led by Prof. Qing-Tai Zhao proposes that operating computer chips at cryogenic temperatures could reduce energy consumption by up to 80%, addressing the high energy demands of data centers and AI infrastructure;
➁ Cryogenic computing leverages the improved efficiency of transistors at low temperatures but faces challenges like material defects and quantum tunneling, requiring novel materials and architectures (e.g., gate-all-around nanowires, high-k dielectrics) to optimize CMOS technology;
➂ Applications span quantum computing, space exploration, and high-performance data centers, with TSMC actively developing chips tailored for cryogenic environments to enhance energy efficiency and integrate with quantum processors.
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